It was shown that the stepwise approach to parameter identification results in significantly higher accuracy. Finally, a stepwise experiment is designed based on the analysis results of parameter sensitivity, and the rationality and effectiveness are also validated. The cluster centers are special operating conditions on which the parameters in the same cluster have high identifiability. The parameters were clustered based on their sensitivity matrix with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method. A parameter sensitivity matrix was established to describe the parameter sensitivity under different operating conditions and the parameters were grouped according to their average sensitivity. A sensitivity analysis of up to 30 parameters was carried out using model simulation. The model can predict both terminal voltage and surface temperature, which has the advantage that it can be readily validated by measurement. A multi-physics model for a cylindrical Li-ion battery has been developed by coupling the thermal distribution in the radial direction to an electrochemical P2D model.

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